Cleaning
One of the significant challenges in many industries is contamination of surfaces in form of adhering particles and organic/inorganic impurities This contamination can be from various sources ranging from polishing, other types of pretreatment of simply from exposure to the air. Cleaning processes are of crucial importance for reliability of following processing in many industries. For instance, even particles of low nanometer dimension have the potential to generate "killer" defects in the semiconductor manufacturing process.